VARIOUS FORMS OF APHERESIS - COMMUNITY QUICK GUIDE/FAQ

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There is dozens of forms of apheresis that are used today. For Long Covid and Post Vac Syndrome H.E.L.P. Apheresis has shown the best results from clinical experience and patient polls as well as in studies

  H.E.L.P Therapie (bbraun.de) :

 1 Ali et al. 2008, Heparin-induced Extracorporeal Lipoprotein Precipitation (HELP) Therapy for Dry AMD. Retina Today, 9/10: 72-75
2 Armstrong, VW 1994. Die säureinduzierte Präzipitation von Low-Density-Lipoprotein mit Heparin: Grundlagen zum H.E.L.P.-Verfahren. Bibliomed, Med.Verl.-Ges (zugleich Göttingen, Univ., Habli.-Schr., 1987); ISBN: 3-921958-99-7.)
3 Bianchin, G et al., Role of H.E.L.P.-apheresis in the treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in a group of 230 patients. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2011; 31:395-398.
4 Bianchin, G et al., Treatment with HELP-Apheresis in patients suffering from sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A prospective, randomized, controlled study. Laryngoscope. 2010; 120(4):800-7.
5 Buuren, van F et al 2012, HELP apheresis in hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular disease: efficacy and adverse events after 8,500 procedures. Clin Res Cardiol Suppl 7:24–30
6 Canis, M et al., Fibrinogen/LDL apheresis is a promising rescue therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Clin Res Cardiol Suppl (2012) 7:36–40.
7 Dittrich-Riediger J, et al., Adverse events of lipoprotein apheresis and immunoadsorption at the Apheresis Center at the University Hospital Dresden. Atherosclerosis Supplements 18, (2015) 45-52.
8 G-BA Beschluss vom 19.08.2008
9 Hagemeyer B D., Fibrinogen- und LDL-Apherese zur Behandlung des akuten Hörsturzes im Vergleich zur Standardtherapie nach Stennert.(2013); nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-132656
10 Heigl et al 2015, Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of long-term lipoprotein apheresis in patients with LDL- or Lp(a) hyperlipoproteinemia: Findings gathered from more than 36,000 treatments at one center in Germany. Atherosclerosis Supplements 18 154-162.
11 Jaeger, BR et al., Longitudinal cohort study on the effectiveness of lipid apheresis treatment to reduce high lipoprotein(a) levels and prevent major adverse coronary events. nature clinical practice cardiovascular medicine march 2009 vol 6 no 3
12 KBV Qualitätsberichte 2012-2016 (Berichtszeiträume 2011-2015)
13 Kleophas W et al., [Acute effects of extracorporeal LDL cholesterol and fibrinogen elimination on blood rheology and microcirculation]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1990 Jan 5;115(1):3-7.
14 Lane et al. 1995, Selective removal of plasma low density lipoprotein with the HELP system: biweekly versus weekly therapy,  Atherosclerosis1 14( 1995)2 03-211
15 Mellwig, KP et al., Myocardial perfusion under H.E.L.P. apheresis measured by positron emission tomography. Z Kardiol 2003 (92); Suppl 3, III/30-III/37.
16 Mellwig, KP et al., Heparin-induced Extracorporeal Low density Lipoprotein Precipitation. Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis 2003; 7 (3): 365-369.
17 Mellwig, KP et al., Improved Coronary Vasodilatatory Capacity by H.E.L.P Apheresis: Comparing Initial and Chronic Treatment. Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis 2006; 10 (6): 510-517.
18 Moriarty et al. 2001, C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation among patients undergoing HELP LDL apheresis. Atherosclerosis 158, 495-498
19 Moriarty, PM et al., Effect of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Apheresis on Blood Viscosity. The American Journal of Cardiology 2004, 93:1044-46.
20 Nordestgaard et al. 2010, Lipoprotein(a) as a cardiovascular risk factor: current status. European Heart Journal 31, 2844–2853
21 Roeseler E, et al., Lipoprotein Apheresis for Lipoprotein(a)-Associated Cardiovascular Disease -Prospective 5 Years of Follow-Up and Apolipoprotein(a) Characterization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2016; 36: 2019-2027. 
22 Schettler et al. 2017, The German Lipoprotein Apheresis Registry (GLAR) - almost 5 years on. Clin Res Cardiol Suppl.2017 Mar;12 (Suppl1):44-49
23 Schuff-Werner, P. Clinical long-term results of H.E.L.P-apheresis. Z Kardiol 2003 (92): Suppl 3, III/28-III/29.
24 Schuff-Werner, P. Untersuchungen zur hämorheologischen Wirksamkeit der LDL-Apherese. Bibliomed, Medizinische Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Melsungen 1993.
25 Schulz & Schlüter 2017, PCSK9 targets important for lipid metabolism. Clin Res Cardiol Suppl 12:2-11
26 Stefanutti, C et al., Italian Multicenter Study on Low-Density Lipoprotein Apheresis Working Group 2009 Survey. Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis 2013; 17(2):169–178.
27 Suckfuell 2002, Fibrinogen and LDL apheresis in treatment of sudden hearing loss: a randomised multicenter trial. Lancet; 360: 1811-17
28 Walzl et al 1998, Effects of ameliorated haemorheology on clinical symptoms in cerebrovascular disease. Atherosclerosis 139 (1998) 385-389.
29 Zanetti et al 2014, HELP LDL apheresis reduces plasma pentraxin 3 in familial hypercholesterolemia. PLoS ONE 9(7): e101290. 

Immunoadsorption | Fresenius Medical Care 

 International Society For Apheresis (e-isfa.org) 

 American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) 

In addition to the above sources, we have completed the table with publicly available data published by treating clinicians (socials, media) and corrections by community members. 

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